Welcome to the Department of Forensic Medicine

The Department of Forensic Medicine at the University of the Free State (UFS) operates at the interface of medicine, law, and justice. We are a dual-purpose academic and service unit committed to scientifically rigorous, ethical, and dignified medico-legal practice. Through service delivery, specialist consultation, teaching, and research, we support the administration of justice and contribute to public health and societal accountability.

Our Mandate and Service Footprint
The Department is responsible for medico-legal post-mortem examinations (autopsies) and associated death investigation services in the Mangaung and Xhariep districts of the Free State Province. Our work includes medico-legal death investigations in cases of unnatural, suspicious, or unexplained deaths, undertaken in accordance with applicable South African medico-legal frameworks (including the Inquests Act and relevant health legislation and regulations).

In addition, the Department serves as a regional referral centre, providing specialised forensic pathology support to stakeholders in the Free State, Northern Cape, and the Kingdom of Lesotho (and additional jurisdictions as required through formal channels).

Our Services
Medico-legal death investigation services

  • Statutory medico-legal autopsies for unnatural, suspicious, or unexplained deaths
  • Scene liaison and technical input where required, in cooperation with relevant authorities
  • Evidence documentation, sampling, and support to identification processes
  • Mass fatality and disaster-related forensic support (when activated through formal channels)
  • Technical advisory support to investigating and prosecuting authorities (e.g., SAPS and NPA)

Medico-legal consultation and expert witness services

  • Specialist forensic pathology consultation (cause and manner of death, injury interpretation, trauma assessment)
  • Medico-legal reporting and court-ready statements
  • Expert testimony and assessor roles in complex criminal and civil matters

Clinical forensic support

  • Interpretation and documentation support in cases of interpersonal violence and other medico-legal clinical matters

Research and forensic mortality data

  • Mortality surveillance and injury-pattern analysis to inform prevention strategies, policy, and public health planning
  • Collaborative research and data sharing with relevant authorities, consistent with ethical and legal requirements

Teaching and Training
As part of the Faculty of Health Sciences and the School of Clinical Medicine, the Department provides undergraduate teaching in forensic medicine within the MBChB program and contributes to interdisciplinary training for medical, nursing, and law students. We also offer structured postgraduate specialist training through the MMed (Forensic Medicine) program, supporting registrars’ development toward professional practice and leadership.

The Department is actively engaged in capacity building and continuing professional development (CPD), including lectures, seminars, and outreach activities in partnership with the Department of Health and other stakeholders.

Collaboration and Key Stakeholders
The Department works closely with the Forensic Pathology Service (Provincial Department of Health), SAPS, IPID, the National Prosecuting Authority, and the judiciary, as well as UFS faculties, HPCSA, the College of Forensic Pathologists (CMSA), and public and private hospitals and laboratories. Families and communities remain central beneficiaries of transparent, dignified, and accountable death investigation services.

FAQs
1) What is a medico-legal post-mortem (autopsy), and why is it done?
A medico-legal post-mortem is an examination done after someone has died to help work out how and why they died. It is usually required when a death is unnatural, suspicious, or unexpected, and the findings may be needed for the police investigation and court processes. In South Africa, these examinations are governed by law (including the Inquests Act and the National Health Act).

2) What counts as an “unnatural death”?

An “unnatural” death is a death that may have been caused by something outside the body, or where there are concerns about the circumstances. This can include:

  • injuries (for example assault, accidents, gunshot wounds, stabbings)
  • poisoning or drug-related deaths
  • possible negligence or complications linked to a procedure
  • sudden deaths where the cause is not clear and needs investigation

If you suspect that someone has died possibly due to unnatural causes, you must immediately report it to the nearest SAPS police station.

3) Can the family refuse the medico-legal post-mortem?

In cases that fall under medico-legal investigation, the post-mortem is required by law, so families generally cannot refuse it. If the family has serious concerns, these should be raised through the official legal process (for example, via the investigating officer and the court/magistrate), and as early as possible.

4) Can family members attend the post-mortem?

No. Family members are not allowed to attend medico-legal post-mortems for legal, ethical, and safety reasons. In certain cases, a family may request that an independent medical practitioner attend on their behalf through the appropriate legal channels.

5) What happens during a medico-legal post-mortem?

A forensic doctor performs the examination in a designated forensic facility. Depending on the case, it may include:

  • an external examination (looking carefully at the body)
  • an internal examination (the “autopsy” part)
  • collecting samples for tests (for example toxicology for substances, or tissue samples for microscopy)
  • sometimes special investigations like X-rays or other imaging

The goal is to determine the most likely cause of death and to document findings that may be important for a legal investigation. A formal report is then prepared for judicial purposes.

6) How long does it take to finalize the post-mortem report?

Timeframes differ from case to case. Some reports can be completed relatively quickly, but others take longer if extra results are needed (for example toxicology or histology) or if more information is required from the investigation. The report is finalized once the forensic doctor has all the necessary information to give a reliable opinion.

7) Is the report confidential? Who can get a copy?

Yes. The post-mortem report is a confidential legal document created for official investigation and court processes. Access is controlled by law and formal procedures.
In most cases, family members who want access are advised to direct their request to the SAPS investigating officer (or the relevant legal authority managing the case), who can guide the correct process. The forensic facility or doctor usually does not release reports directly to families without the proper authorization.

8) Can I speak to the forensic pathologist who did the post-mortem?

In many cases, yes. Families may request a meeting or discussion with the forensic doctor. What can be shared will depend on where the case is in the investigation and what the doctor is allowed to discuss. The doctor will always try to explain the medical aspects in a respectful, understandable way within those limits.

9) How do I become a forensic doctor or forensic pathologist?

If you are interested in forensic medicine, the first step is to qualify as a medical doctor. After that, you can apply for specialist training posts in forensic pathology/forensic medicine (usually through a university and health department training platform). At UFS, specialist training is linked to postgraduate study (such as an MMed program) and professional requirements. If you want to explore this path, contact the Department for guidance on training routes and opportunities.

10) Do you accept electives, internships, or research fellows?

Yes, depending on capacity and the type of placement. We may accept electives or internships for medical students and doctors, and we may consider research fellows on a case-by-case basis. Please contact the Department with details of what you are looking for (dates, level of training, and purpose of the visit). 

11) Who do I contact for more information?
You can contact our department at +27 51 412 9139.


FACULTY CONTACT

Central Information Office
T: +27 51 401 3739
F: +27 86 579 5154

E: StudentAdminFHS@ufs.ac.za

Student Administration
Faculty Administration

Health sciences block next to contact

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